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PRINCE2 Model of Directing the Project The Project Initiation Documentation is a PRINCE2 term representing the plan of approach in project management. It is assembled from a series of other documents, including the business case, the Terms of Reference , the communication plan, the risk register , the Project Tolerances, the project plan , and any specific project controls or inspections as part of a departmental quality plan or common project approach. The PID represents a detailed version of the basic project start-up document called the Project Brief. The PID bundles together documentation to form the logical document that brings together all of the key information needed to start and run the project on a sound basis. It should be conveyed to all stakeholders and agreed and signed off by the business sponsors . In short, this is the, "who, why, and what", part of the project. It defines all major aspects of a project and forms the basis for its management and the asses

Computer hardware is a comprehensive term for all physical parts of a computer , as distinguished from the data it contains or operates on, and the software that provides instructions for the hardware to accomplish tasks. The boundary between hardware and software has become blurred, with the existence of firmware that is software "built into" the hardware. For example, a 2010-era LCD display screen contains a small computer inside. Mass-market consumer computers use highly standardized components and so are simple for an end user to assemble into a working system. Most 2010s-era computers only require users to plug in the power supply, monitor, and other cables. A typical desktop computer consists of a computer case (or "tower"), a metal chassis that holds the power supply , motherboard, hard disk drive , and often an optical disc drive . Most towers have empty space where users can add additional components. External devices such as a computer monitor or visual d

1930s in fashion In the 1930s, as the public began to feel the effects of the Great Depression , many designers found that crises were not the time for experimentation. Fashion became more compromising, aspiring to preserve feminism 's victories while rediscovering a subtle and reassuring elegance and sophistication. Overall, 1930s clothing was somber and modest, reflecting the difficult social and economic situation of the decade. Women's fashions moved away from the brash, daring style of the 1920s towards a more romantic, feminine silhouette. The waistline was restored, hemlines dropped to nearly ankle-length, there was renewed appreciation of the bust, and backless evening gowns and soft, slim-fitting day dresses became popular. The female body was remodeled into a more neo-classical shape, and slim, toned, and athletic bodies came into vogue. The fashion for outdoor activities stimulated couturiers to manufacture what would today be referred to as "sportswear."

The history of fashion design refers to the development of the fashion industry which designs clothing and accessories. The modern industry, based around firms or fashion houses run by individual designers, started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who from 1858 was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created. [1] Dress designed by Charles Frederick Worth for Elisabeth of Austria painted by Franz Xaver Winterhalter Before the mid-19th century the division between haute couture and ready-to-wear did not really exist. All but the most basic major pieces of female clothing was made-to-measure by dressmakers and seamstresses dealing directly with the client, and fitting to her shape. Hats, gloves and similar accessories were mostly made ready to wear and sold in shops as now. Tailors worked with men in the same way. The design of these clothes became increasing based on printed designs, especially from Paris, which were circulated around

The most common way people give up their power is by thinking they don’t have any.

Always do your best. What you plant now, you will harvest later.

Further information: French colonial empire As a part of the Scramble for Africa, France had the establishment of a continuous west-east axis of the continent as an objective, in contrast with the British north-south axis. Tensions between Britain and France reached tinder stage in Africa. At several points war was possible, but never happened. [224] The most serious episode was the Fashoda Incident of 1898. French troops tried to claim an area in the Southern Sudan, and a much more powerful British force purporting to be acting in the interests of the Khedive of Egypt arrived to confront them. Under heavy pressure the French withdrew securing British control over the area. The status quo was recognised by an agreement between the two states acknowledging British control over Egypt, while France became the dominant power in Morocco, but France suffered a humiliating defeat overall.[225][226] European colonial territories Belgium Areas controlled by European colonial powers on the

The Songhai people are descended from fishermen on the Middle Niger River . They established their capital at Kukiya in the 9th century AD and at Gao in the 12th century. The Songhai speak a Nilo-Saharan language. [186] Sonni Ali , a Songhai, began his conquest by capturing Timbuktu in 1468 from the Tuareg . He extended the empire to the north, deep into the desert, pushed the Mossi further south of the Niger, and expanded southwest to Djenne. His army consisted of cavalry and a fleet of canoes. Sonni Ali was not a Muslim, and he was portrayed negatively by Berber-Arab scholars, especially for attacking Muslim Timbuktu. After his death in 1492, his heirs were deposed by General Muhammad Ture, a Muslim of Soninke origins[187] Muhammad Ture (1493–1528) founded the Askiya Dynasty, askiya being the title of the king. He consolidated the conquests of Sonni Ali. Islam was used to extend his authority by declaring jihad on the Mossi, reviving the trans-Saharan trade, and having the Abba

Christian Nubia and the Nile cataracts After Ezana of Aksum sacked Meroe , people associated with the site of Ballana moved into Nubia from the southwest and founded three kingdoms: Makuria, Nobatia , and Alodia . They would rule for 200 years. Makuria was above the third cataract , along the Dongola Reach with its capital at Dongola . Nobadia was to the north with its capital at Faras, and Alodia was to the south with its capital at Soba. Makuria eventually absorbed Nobadia. The people of the region converted to Monophysite Christianity around 500 to 600 CE. The church initially started writing in Coptic, then in Greek, and finally in Old Nubian, a Nilo-Saharan language. The church was aligned with the Egyptian Coptic Church .[129][130] By 641, Egypt was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate . This effectively blocked Christian Nubia and Aksum from Mediterranean Christendom. In 651–652, Arabs from Egypt invaded Christian Nubia. Nubian archers soundly defeated the invaders. The Ba